Wilsons 14 Points vs. the Treaty of Versailles :: World War I History

Wilsons 14 Points vs. the Treaty of VersaillesWhen the peace processes were to start after the finishing of World War One, there were intravenous feeding people who were major components in the treaty of Paris Clemenceau, George, Orlando, and Wilson. Clemenceau valued revenge on the Germans by punishing them through the treaties because he believed that they were at fault for the war George was in agreement with Clemenceau although he did not feel that Germany should suffer severe punishment Orlando who wanted the irredenta to be re-established and President Wilson of the United States of America wanted to create a mild peace with Germany in a fair way. In view of this, Wilson created fourteen points that he wanted accomplished in practiced as a result of the peace treaties. His fourteen points were his plan for a world peace and included plans for the end of secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, fortify reduction, the just settlement of colonial claims, the establis hment of a League of Nations, and the evacuation of occupied territories and national self-determination. Many of his points were carried out in the Treaty of Versailles, although not each(prenominal) of them were successful or followed completely. Wilsons fourth point in his plan was the reduction of national armaments. He stated that there should be adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments would be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety. In the Treaty of Versailles, it was stated that the German army was to be limited to 100,000 and that Germany was not allowed to draft its citizens or to have an air force. Also, Germany was no longer allowed to operate submarines because of the unrestricted submarine warfare that they had displayed during the war, and their naval ships were limited in size and in the amount that they were permitted to own. Furthermore, the Rhineland was to be permanently disarmed and occupied by the Allies for fifteen yea rs to ensure that there would be no attacks against France that might start some other war. In addition to this, it was stated that Germany would never be allowed to unite with Austria because they would form an incredibly strong fighting force. This resulted in much complaining by the Germans on the account that they believed they were being left without a military force significant enough to protect themselves. Also, the treaty did not require any of the other countries to do even the slightest demilitarization.

Character Analysis of Elisa Allen in The Chrysanthemums by Steinbeck Es

Many readers who analyze Steinbecks short story, The Chrysanthemums, feel Elisas flowers represent her repressed sexuality, and her anger and resentment towards men. some(prenominal) even push the symbolism of the flowers, and Elisas masculine actions, to suggest she is un subject to establish a true relationship between herself and another. Her masculine traits and her chrysanthemums are enough to fit her entirely. This essay will discuss an opposing viewpoint. Instead, it will argue that Elisas chrysanthemums, and her masculine qualities are natural manifestations of a male dominated world. Pertinent examples from The Chrysanthemums will be given in an attempt to illustrate that Elisas character qualities, and gardening skills, are the survival traits shes adopted in order to survive, and keep her femininity and vulnerability in a mans world.The first evidence that supports this conclusion is the behavior which occurs between Elisa and her husband, Henry. There is a deeply rooted dysfunction between Henry and Elisa, which is a lack of real communication (Palmerino, 1). They are successful farmers, but it is Henry who tends the economic production. The opening sets up a character contrast which runs throughout the slicing by showing Henry selling thirty head of beef, while Elisa grows dishy chrysanthemums. The contrast is that of the differences between a masculine and a womanly perspective of each other. This shows a limiting of Elisa from a mans point-of-view. Henry tells Elisa that she has a way with growing things, but he feels she is only alter in an aesthetic way. In other words, Elisa is made to feel that her contribution isnt as worthy as a mans even though the spite is hidden ... ... real love, she may be able to find fulfillment in her flowers more than she ever has. They can be released into the male world and survive, beautiful and strong, though fragile, just as she has. The chrysanthemums are not Elisas frustration, th ey are her hope in a world she sees without hope. Therefore, when the tinker simply drops the flowers on the side of the road, the emblematical weight of the chrysanthemums must be considered. Higdon states that the crucial question remains whether or not Elisa has been destroyed (Higdon, 668). The reader can see how the flowers represent largely a positive symbol of growth and life. Elisa may not have anywhere to turn for real understanding, since men are not able to explore her inner-qualities, but it is better that she grows flowers than shutting off her own emotions and feelings and using others like the men around her.

Character Analysis of Elisa Allen in The Chrysanthemums by Steinbeck Es

Many readers who analyze Steinbecks short story, The Chrysanthemums, feel Elisas flowers represent her repressed sexuality, and her anger and resentment towards men. Some even drudge the symbolism of the flowers, and Elisas masculine actions, to suggest she is unable to establish a true relationship between herself and another. Her masculine traits and her chrysanthemums are enough to fulfill her entirely. This essay result discuss an opposing viewpoint. Instead, it will argue that Elisas chrysanthemums, and her masculine qualities are natural manifestations of a male dominated world. Pertinent examples from The Chrysanthemums will be given in an attempt to illustrate that Elisas character qualities, and gardening skills, are the survival traits shes adopted in order to survive, and keep her femininity and vulnerability in a mans world.The inaugural evidence that supports this conclusion is the behavior which occurs between Elisa and her husband, Henry. There is a de eply rooted dysfunction between Henry and Elisa, which is a lack of very communication (Palmerino, 1). They are successful farmers, save it is Henry who tends the economic production. The opening sets up a character contrast which runs throughout the piece by wake Henry selling thirty head of beef, while Elisa grows beautiful chrysanthemums. The contrast is that of the differences between a masculine and a feminine perspective of distributively other. This shows a limiting of Elisa from a mans point-of-view. Henry tells Elisa that she has a way with growing things, but he feels she is only contributing in an aesthetical way. In other words, Elisa is made to feel that her contribution isnt as worthy as a mans even though the insult is hidden ... ... accepted love, she may be able to find fulfillment in her flowers more than she ever has. They can be released into the male world and survive, beautiful and strong, though fragile, bonnie as she has. The chrysanthemums are not Elisas frustration, they are her hope in a world she sees without hope. Therefore, when the tinker simply drops the flowers on the side of the road, the symbolic weight of the chrysanthemums moldiness be considered. Higdon states that the crucial question remains whether or not Elisa has been destroyed (Higdon, 668). The reader can see how the flowers represent mostly a substantiating symbol of growth and life. Elisa may not have anywhere to turn for real understanding, since men are not able to explore her inner-qualities, but it is better that she grows flowers than shutting off her own emotions and feelings and using others like the men around her.

Case for Analysis: Work Redesign in an Insurance Company

Running Head WORK REDESIGN IN INSURANCE COMPANY representative for Analysis Work Redesign in an Insurance Company 1. Explain which lens nucleus characteristics of the employees crafts will be changed if the consultants recommendations are accepted. Answer The core characteristic that needs to be changed according to the consultants recommendation is the farm out range. Employees only had a job sense but very small-minded job range.The consultant suggested the company to change operation structure to a client basis from functional orientation, in which each employee would handle every position of service as issuing policies, collecting premiums, change beneficiaries, process loan application pertaining to a particular policyholder. This company has a great job depth the manager of intragroup operation believes that, this is the key of success of the company. The job depth is considered as the source of knowledge base and expertise in the firm. The consultant has precipitate to an opposite conclusion according to the information provided by the employees.He considered and concluded that if the job nature and dimension can be spread horizontally thus monotonous nature of ladder can be changed and employees can be motivated. He added inclusion if electronic data management system will trend the amount of manual task offered to individual employee and that will eventually cut off the labor cost to the firm. 2. Which alternative redesign strategies should be considered? For example, job rotary motion and job enlargement are possible alternatives. What are the relevant considerations for these and other designs in the context of this company?Answer Job redesign is actually restructuring the elements of the job by making it more motivating to the performer. It enhances the motivational potential of the job by altering core job dimensions. Job redesign strategies that can be considered are job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment. Redesigning a job by altering its job range can be performed by both job rotation or job enlargement. Job enlargement is considered a horizontal restructuring method, in which the job is enlarged by adding related tasks.In this exercise the organization has separate departments to issue policies, collect premiums, change beneficiaries and process loan applications. To enlarge these jobs or to convert it into a client basis, it can be redesigned much(prenominal) as ane employee will be responsible for all transaction related to a particular policy holder. Job enlargement can as well result in greater go bad mightiness flexibility. In this job enlargement design technique, the number of tasks associated with a job is increased to add greater mixed bag to activities, thus reducing monotony.Employees are bored with monotonic schedule of jobs, so by implementing this technique it will be possible to regain employee satisfaction. A job design technique in which employees are moved between two or mo re jobs in a planned manner is kn have as job rotation. The objectives is to expose the employees to different experiences and wider variety of acquirements to enhance job and to cross-train them. In this Insurance Company the employees for different departments can be rotated within the organization. This one may be an alternative redesign strategy.From the employee perspective this can be another strategy that can be taken into consideration, as this will alleviate to reduce repetitive nature of jobs. The other job redesign technique that can be used is for redesigning job is job enrichment this is a process to redesign job depth. Job enrichment adds new sources of job satisfaction by increasing the level of responsibility of the employee. In this organization every employee is an expert in their own domain, so the organization is very efficient.Employees are already working in a much enriched situation, so employee grievances wont be reduced with this technique. date job enlar gement is considered a horizontal restructuring method, job enrichment is a vertical restructuring method by virtue of giving the employee additional authority, autonomy, and control over the expression the job is accomplished. For this company the problem is the employees are interested in job redesign by changing job range while the manager of internal operation is more interested in job redesign by increasing job depth.The employees are getting bored by monotonic work schedule, they are feeling uncared by the authority and these may be the reasons of high absenteeism. 3. What would be your decision in this case? What should management be willing to knuckle under for employee satisfaction? Defend your answer. Answer In my opinion Total Quality wariness (TQM) combining the ideas of job enrichment and socio-technical theory will be the best tog here. Managers who implement TQM design jobs that empower individuals to make important decisions about service quality.This empowerment process will encourage participative management, team-oriented task modules, and autonomy. The electronic data processing system is very much required for this organization. Before starting job redesign the authority should consider the following facts. * Assessing the need for job redesigning -It has centrally complicated problems with motivation, satisfaction and work effectiveness. -Employees think that there is problem with design of the work. * Determining the feasibility of job redesign -How ready are the employees for the change? How hospitable are organizational systems to needed change? * Enabling conditions -Reward system facilitating implementation. -Organizational climate facilitating implementation. Employee development program Employees should be regularly taken through various development programs such(prenominal) as training, classes, short term diploma and so forthin order to set them to the highest standard of professional strength and to maintain a highly skill ed workforce. Employees should be able to participate in the program of their choice in their spare time to develop and manage their career. Reward metrics and evaluation against the metric Management should come up with an attractive and challenging reward metric to evaluate performance of individuals. More challenging and realistic metric will extract damp performance and satisfaction from human resource. Team building events Team building events such as outing, camping, sport events are the excellent options to tether work force under the organizational culture. Employees should be able to select their preferred mode of celebration and team building process.Team building events facilitate sharing correspondent culture and competition across peer teams. Assigning higher responsibilities towards organizational goals Employees should be assigned higher responsibilities with time. This enables employees to stretch more on their capabilities to take work load and also provides a f eel of pride and ownership. Employee reorganization Employees should be recognized either as individual or as team for their semestral accomplishments and should be awarded accordingly. This will enhance their confidence level and create healthy competition across organization. Employee review program Employee satisfaction level must be reviewed by management on periodic basis. Employee satisfaction should be evaluated on multiple concerns as their work life balance, perks, work place comforts etc. Motivating work force through dynamic management team Last but not the least employees must be lead by enthusiastic and pioneer management teams who can lead by example. Dynamic management brings new ideas to the team and provides new challenges to the work force to exercise their skill set. References Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly, Konopaske, Organizations behavior structure processes,14th edition

Education Reform Essay

It is undeniably clear that we have serious problems with our information system. Talk to any teacher and you will hear the same complaints overcrowded classrooms, lack of supplies and textbook books, unfairness of the grading system, discipline issues, drugs, underpaid teachers and the list goes on and on. The result our children cant read, spell or solve basic math problems without a calculator. umpteen students can not even find their own country on a map. In the midst of make dos going on in many divergent levels, the big question is how can we fix these problems?The National Commission on Excellence in information delivered a devastating assessment of American education in 1983. According to the commissions findings 23 million American adults were illiterate by the simplest tests of reading and writing. Al most(prenominal) 13 percent of all 17 year olds in the United States were functionally illiterate. Illiteracy among minority young was a scaring 40 percent. Scholastic Aptitude tests ( SAT ) showed that average verbal dozens fell over 50 points and mathematics scores dropped 40 points from 1963 to 1980.International comparisons of student achievement revealed that on 19 academician testsAmerican students were never offset printing or second and compargond to the other industrialized nations, were last seven times. ( http//www. ed. gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/risk. html (3 of 10 ,2005 ). These findings alarmed the nation and in 1989, an education summit involving all fifty subject governors and president George H. W. Bush resulted in the adoption of national education goals for the year 2000. The same year, National Council of Teachers Of Mathematics published the Curriculum and evaluation Standards for inculcate Mathematics, a standards based document. ( Schwardz, 2000 ).Standards based direct reform has become a predominant issue facing open schools. In the 1990s , The Standards-based National Education Goals were set by the U. S. Congress. This mo vement resulted in the famous No child Left Behind Act of 2001 which is still an active nation wide order in the United States ( Schwardz 2000 ). A standards-based system measures each student against the concrete standard, instead of measuring how well the student performed compared to others.The main goal of this reform is that no student by virtue of poverty, age, race, gender, cultural or ethnic background,disabilities or family situation will be exempt from learning the required material. ( Robinson,2000 ). The school income from plaza taxes and the federal funds are based on the student attendance. Every public school is required to take attendance every twenty-four hours so the budget can be given to the state accounting department and the m unitaryy made avail able-bodied. If a child stays home even for one day, the attendance shows less need for money.Because of this system, we have overcrowded classrooms. The government legislators should realize that fewer students mea ns better classroom management and better education.The fight for the control of public schools also contri merelye to the problems we are facing with our education system. In the United States, schools are regulated by laws and regulations at the district, county, state and federal levels.The most of day to day activities have been influenced by district level government usually by a district bureaucracy led by a superintended and controlled by a locally elected or appointed school board. ( Smith, 2001 ). State and federal governments often mandate programs and reforms or prohibit certain activities by criminalizing them finished legislation or courtprecedent or restricting state and federal funds to schools which are not in compliance. ( Robinson, 2000 ).In the early days of our nation, our constitution left education matters Mostly in the hands of states. In those days founding fathers did not want the federal government running education. however times have changed. Now we ha ve a mobile society, new technology, and a global economy which has erased district, county and states lines that once had meaning. Nowadays, whether raised in California, Florida, Colorado or Virginia, all children in America need the same knowledge and skills that will help themcompete in both national and the international marketplace of jobs. cheeseparing local control of public education under the influence of provincial attitudes and ideologies can leave our children ill prepared to survive in this very contend global environment. Federal government leads the way in important areas such as food, drug, product, financial and environmental regulations and policies. Should not education, one of the most essential contributors to the success and well being of our nation, be naturally included in that list? The violation of the separation of church and state issue has also been an ongoingdebate in our public schools.In our constitution, the first amendment states Congress shall m ake no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, this indicates that a mortal is free to study any form of religion and that the government will not adopt any religion as the official religion of the state or nation nor will they favor any religion above another ( First Amendment to the United States Constitution, retrieved June 29, 2010 ). There are conflicts over school praying and most people agree that allowing somegroups of children to pray inside the classrooms could offend other children with different religious backgrounds or the children with atheist parents.Author Randall Eberts ( 2007 ) states that if we take a hold off at any humanities course, we will find religion somewhere. He also states that religion is in science, literature and art. The battle of evolution vs. creationism vs. intelligent build never stops. Science teachers can teach more or less the planets, stars and galaxies but they have no answer regarding how it all started. They can come up with several theories but it is difficult to satisfy many students withvarious religious background.In art classes, Leonardo Da Vincis Last Supper and Michelangelos Sistine Chapel are among the superior pieces of artistry which are both religious in nature. In order for a student to be able to analyze these types of artwork, they must be able to refer to the religious themes portrayed in the pieces. In literature, Dantes Inferno is a good example of how religion is approached in a high school literature class. In the text, Dante has established series of rings of hell and categorized which sins would banish a soul to that region for eternity.Since not all students believe in heaven and hell, teachers must be extra careful how to approach this topic so it wont appear as if they are trying to carry out their viewpoints on the topic. There has to be a fine line between teaching religion and teaching about religion. According to a study by Christian Smit h, ( Smith, 2002 ) religion affects students many ways including the following Religious students are more likely to be involved in community work. Religious students are less likely to be suspended or expelled. Religious students are more likely to be involved in student government.Religious twelfth graders are less likely to misbehave at school. Religious 12th graders are less likely to skip school without permission. There is a ordained correlation between religious students and their involvement in extracurricular activities. Researchers mark Regnerus and Glen Elder ( Regnerus, 2003 ) conducted a research and found out that when youth from low-income neighborhoods attend church, their academic performance improves primarily due to social influences of the church. It seems like most problems in the schools are the result of inpower to make important decisions about the future of education in America.Valuable time is wasted by infighting and indecision. We seem powerless to fix t he problems. All parties involved should have a common agreement about what some of the basic needs of students are. Our culture and the state of society is rapidly changing. In the light of these changes, new ideas about education can be recyclable to improve our education system. But they should be investigated for their effectiveness. The key to our future depends on highly educated students who are prepared for the 21st century. Our economic future and ability to compete in the world marketplace depends on it.

Project Report on Performance Appraisal Essay

It is not constituted by individual sounds but by their accurately measure the cognitive operation of its members and use it objectively to optimize them as vital resources. The exercise of an employee is his resultant behavior on task which can be bserved and evaluated. It refers to the contribution made by an individual in the accomplishment of organizational objectives. feat can be measured by combining quantity, quality, time and cost. commonwealth do not learn unless they are given feedback on the results of their actions.For learning to take place, feedback should be provided regularly and it should register both successes and failures. It should also hail before long after the relevant action or actions. Performance appraisal system provides management an opportunity to recall as healthful as give feedback to people. This feedback is pertaining the performance of the worker. This helps them to correct their mistakes and acquire new skills. Performance appraisal (PA) ref ers to all those procedures that are used to evaluate the personality, the performance and the potential of its group members. Evaluation is different from Judgment.The author is concerned with performance and the latter is concerned with the individual. While evaluation deals with achievement of goals, a Judgment has an undercurrent of personal attack and is likely to evoke resistance. Performance appraisal could be informal or formal. Informal performance appraisal is a continuous process of feeding back information o the subordinates roughly how well they are doing their work in the organization. The informal appraisal is conducted on a day-today basis. For example, the manager spontaneously mentions that a divorceicular piece of work was well performed or poorly performed.It is due to the close connection between the behavior and the feedback on it, the informal appraisal quickly encourages desirable performance and discourages undesirable performance before it becomes perman ently ingrained. Therefore, informal appraisal should not be perceived merely as a casual occurrence but as an cardinal activity and an integral part of the organizations culture. The formal performance appraisal occurs usually annually on formal basis and involves appraise and authenticator in finding answers to the following questions 1 .What performance level has to be achieved during the period? 2. Has it been achieved? 3. What has been the shortfall and constraints? 4. What are we going to do now? 5. How will we slam that we have done it? 6. What kind of feedback can be expected? 7. What assistance can be expected to improve performance? 8. What rewards and opportunities are likely to follow from the performance appraisal? When the employees have this type of information, they are aware of the following pecifications- 2. What assistance is available? 3.What can they expect when the required level of performance is achieved? This increases employee bankers acceptance of the a ppraisal process and results in the trust that the employee has in the organization. An environment that affords an opportunity for further growth while minimizing stressful situations certainly enhances appraisal acceptance. Establishing this type of environment goes far beyond the performance appraisal process. Every aspect of managing people and their work relates to the improvement of their quality of work life.Performance appraisal is an integral part of trusting, healthy and happy work environment that goes a long way in promoting the same. Performance appraisal has been used for the following three occasions Remedial aid Development A performance appraisal needs to cover all these three purposes with the same focus. If any purpose predominates, the system becomes out of balance. For instance, if remedial purpose is foremost, then the performance appraisal may become a disciplinary tool, a form of a charge sheet and a tool of causality instead of instrument of evaluation.

Applying Lean Logistics to Scm

Applying Lean Logistics to SCM The system of interconnected businesses used to push a convergence from supplier to consumer is defined as a allow for arrange. Supply chain focussing (SCM)1 focuses on managing the allow chain in an effort to improve the lumber and judgment of conviction it requires to manufacture a product. The marriage of slight production and deliver chain management creates lean fork out chain management, which provides a much emaciated and more economical supply chain for the product to flow through. Much uncertainty about what supply chain management entails is present in immediatelys society.Many people treat supply chain management as being synonymous with logistics, which is the management of the flow of goods from the origin to the consumers. However, supply chain management encompasses much more than the purchasing or management of goods to the consumer. Supply chain management is the combination of art and science that goes into improving the wa y your company finds the cranky components it needs to make a product or service and deliver it to customers. The following are five basic components of SCM. 2The concept of Supply Chain precaution is based on two core ideas. The first is that practically every product that reaches an end user represents the cumulative effort of multiple organizations. These organizations are referred to collectively as the supply chain. The second idea is that while supply chains have existed for a long time, most organizations have only paid circumspection to what was happening within their four walls. Few businesses understood, much less managed, the entire chain of activities that ultimately delivered products to the final customer.The result was disjointed and often ineffective supply chains. Supply chain management, then, is the active management of supply chain activities to maximize customer value and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. It represents a witting effort by the sup ply chain firms to develop and run supply chains in the most effective and efficient ways possible. Supply chain activities cover everything from product development, sourcing, production, and logistics, as well as the information systems needed to coordinate these activities.Lean is how a properly designed and operated supply chain should function. A lean supply chain process has been streamlined to humiliate and eliminate waste or non-value added activities to the total supply chain flow and to the products moving within the supply chain. Waste can be measured in time, inventory and unnecessary costs. Value added activities are those that contribute to efficiently placing the final product at the customer. The supply chain and the inventory contained in the chain should flow. Any activity that stops the flow should create value.Any activity that touches inventory should create value. Supply chains infer waste and non-value added activities for many reasons, both internal to the company and external. Regaining the lean supply chain may mean addressing many of the same issues that created the problems of extra and spare time, inventory and costs. The ideal approach is to design the perfect supply chain and fit your companys operation onto it. Supply chain management is meant to reduce excess inventory in the supply chain. A supply chain should be demand fixn.It is built on the pull approach of customers pulling inventory, non with suppliers pushing inventory. Excess inventory reflects the additional time with the supply chain operation. So the perfect supply chain would be lean with removing wasteful time and inventory. A supply chain, with the pull, flows back from deliveries to the store or to the customer warehouse back through to purchase orders placed on suppliers. Anything that delays or impedes this flow essential be analyzed as a potential non-value added activity.To develop a lean supply chain, firms should understand lean is an ongoing, continu ous improvement approach as compared to business process reengineering which can be viewed as a one-time change, build a multi-discipline team for the project-one that understands lean supply chain management, analyze the total supply chain process, not just the outbound part or just the inbound part, calculate the risks of the lean supply chain, rationalize the process, improve the process to drive change.Lean supply chain management is not about fixing what someone else is doing wrong. It is about identifying and eliminating waste as measured in time, inventory and cost crossways the complete supply chain. This requires continuous effort and improvement. 1 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Supply_chain_management 2 http//www. cio. com/article/40940/Supply_Chain_Management_Definition_and_Solutions