Evaluate the Effectiveness of Law Reform in Dealing with Defences to Criminal Charges in the Criminal Justice System free essay sample

Where an attacker loses control based on the actions or the words of the deceased person and where those action could have induced an â€Å"ordinary person† to lose self control Partial defence to murder, if successful, reduces charge to manslaughter Controversial Male partners abusing this defence in domestic violence cases where spouses have been killed If completely abolished battered women will be disadvantaged Gay panic cases Evidence Changing provocation law could legitimise lethal acts of domestic violence SMH 21 Oct 2013 †¢Under the proposed reform, the defence will be significantly restricted and will be renamed the partial defence of extreme provocation. (Committee report) †¢Reform follows on from the April 2013 release of the Final Report of the Select Committee of the NSW Parliamentary Inquiry into the operation of the partial defence of provocation †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Without provocation, vulnerable defendants would be convicted of murder and risk long terms of imprisonment. † (Problem) †¢In the most controversial cases, men who have killed a female intimate partner in response to a relationship separation or an alleged confession of infidelity have been able to avoid a conviction for murder by arguing that it was the non-violent conduct of the victim that provoked them to kill. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluate the Effectiveness of Law Reform in Dealing with Defences to Criminal Charges in the Criminal Justice System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Evidence Crimes Amendment (Provocation) Bill 2013 (NSW) †¢Partial Defence of Extreme Provocation The defence will now require the provocative conduct on part of the victim to be a serious indictable offence Advantage to battered women Evidence Green v The Queen 1997 HCA †¢This is a gay panic case †¢The use of the provocation defence in â€Å"gay panic† cases has been abolished as a non-violent sexual advance can never constitute â€Å"extreme provocation† Evidence R v Singh 2012 NSWSC Evidence Finding Reason for Taking a Life SMH 1-2 Sep 2012 †¢About 10pm on December 29, 2009, Manpreet Kaur was killed by her husband, Chamanjot Singh. (there were incidents DV before Manpreet had told at least two people) †¢Singhs defence managed to establish he had been provoked into losing control by his wife threatening to leave him, have him deported, and by an angry phone call from her brother-in-law in India that same night. †¢In his sentencing remarks on June 7, 2012, the judge described the attack as ferocious and brutal. The walls were splattered with blood and an autopsy showed that Kaur had been strangled before her throat was repeatedly slit with a box cutter. †¢But according to the verdict, Singh was not a murderer. (Injustice to victim family) †¢Because of the successful defence, Singh was jailed for a minimum of six years †¢Sentence sparked an uproar, a womans words to a violent husband could somehow justify a fatal attack. †¢The least that this Parliament can do for Manpreet Kaur and her family is to review the laws and to bring about changes that will give the community confidence that the law reflects community views, said Labor MLC Helen Westwood on June 14, calling for an inquiry. Law reform will ensure that husbands do not use the defence of provocation to justify the murder of women. (Will it really? ) †¢It was argued that abolishing provocation risked consequences that many politicians and domestic violence activists, who had cheered the inquiry, would be  uncomfortable with. Attempting to uphold the rights of women against violent men could, in this instance, also disadvantage battered women. Evidence The Partial Defence Of Provocation Final Report on 23/04/2013 by the NSW parliamentary Select Committee on the Partial Defence of Provocation †¢The Select Committee on the Partial Defence of Provocation is a current select committee of the Legislative Council, established 14 Ju ne 2012, and ended 23 April 2013 †¢Only one year of deliberation †¢Bill is based on the 11 recommendations for the NSW gov. (all amendments are to the Crimes Act 1900) Recommendations (the views of the people/society): 1. Provide clear direction to assist prosecutors in determining the appropriate charge to lay against defendants (especially if there history of violence towards the defendant) 2. Make an amendment similar to Vic Crimes Act 1958 explicitly provide that evidence of family violence may be adduced in homicide matters (DV as brought forward as evidence). (3. )Have the Attorney General examine the appropriateness of existing provisions with a view to improving protection for victims and their families while also ensuring that legitimate social framework evidence is able to be admitted 4. Amendment to rename the partial defence ‘the partial defence of gross provocation’. 5. Have the defence is only available in circumstances where the defendant acted in response to ‘gross provocation’ 6. Ensure that the defence is not available to defendants who: †¢ incite a response to provide an excuse to respond with violence †¢ respond to a non-violent sexual advance by the victim 7. Introduce an amendment to ensure that the partial defence is not available to defendants, other than in circumstances of a most extreme and exceptional character if there was a domestic relationship, unlawful killing, result of ending/changing/revealing/taunting etc. relationships (ie. Caught in the act, revealing infidelity etc. ), parenting arrangements for children 8. Amendment so that self-induced intoxication during the time of the act or omission resulting in death is to be disregarded (therefore cannot blame act on drunkenness/substantial impairment of the mind) 9. Amendment so that a judge should not be required to leave the defence to the jury unless there is evidence on which a reasonable jury, properly directed, could conclude that it might apply 10. NSW government develop and implement an education package on the nature and dynamics of domestic and family violence targeting the legal sector and the community more broadly 11. Attorney General issue a reference to the NSW Law Reform Commission, requiring that it undertake a comprehensive review of the law of homicide and homicide defences in NSW, including reforms made in accordance with the recommendations in this report, to commence at the end of five years from the date of this report (massive time delay, not effective for new cases)

Cult Films Essays

Cult Films Essays Cult Films Paper Cult Films Paper Essay Topic: Apocalypse Now Pulp Fiction Eccentric, offbeat, weird, unique and catering to esoteric tastes of a particularly small group and number of individuals, cult movies or cult films are the exact opposite of the blockbuster, hollywood and hollywood-type mainstream feature films being screened in major movie houses today. Cult movies usually acquire a cult following, groups of individuals whose particular tastes and interests fall under the films wing. Classic cult films which come to mind are that of Stanley Kubricks controversial A Clockwork Orange (1971), Francis Ford Coppolas anti-Vietnam war movie Apocalypse Now (1979), Ridley Scotts loose interpretation of a Philip K. Dick novel, Blade Runner (1982), and the quintessential cult classic The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) by Jim Sharman. While cult films range from a variety of genres such as crime, suspense, science fiction, horror and so on, some cult films are deemed uncategorizable and exist in a genre which could only be labeled as such: cult. The cast of characters which appear in most cult films are barely known to the general viewing public. These are artists who are in the initial stages of their careers, others gaining a certain degree of fame and recognition from the said cult movie, and on few occasions, a select number of renowned actors and actresses gracing the part of often particularly quirky and outrageously and/or obscuredly sketched characters in an equally obscure and eccentric setting and environment. The most recent cult films of today range from the local independent, to foreign movies packaged for different countries, to even top grossing movies well received by the mainstream movie viewing populace but regarded as a cult movie because of its ability to garner a particular group of dedicated following, which it would seem is growing in numbers, an example of such a cult movie is George Lucas Star Wars. The cult movie of today has taken a different form, although catering to esoteric tastes, these movies have also garnered a significant amount of mainstream appeal. Such is the case with Quentin Tarantinos Kill Bill, received by a greater number of following subsequent to his first cult flick, Pulp Fiction, which seemed to have revolutionized and brought considerably significant amount of impact to the aspect of film making as it deals with aesthetic, style and content. The apparent trashy content and material which critics refer to in Tarantinos film approach reflects and probably sums up cult ideologies and what cult movies are generally about. The movie viewing populace of today is becoming less discriminate and blurring lines of that of the cult and mainstream movies, and viewing these films for what they are, a pastiche of shared beliefs, opinions, ideologies and meanings as interpreted by a director who subscribes to individuality and captured on over an hour or so of reel and screen time. It may or may not reflect the particular persuasions and leanings of the general populace and the rest of the masses, but as long as it applies to one individual, and an esoteric few, it makes every amount of difference. References â€Å"Cult Films. † Film Site. Org. Tim Dirks. (2007) Retrieved 12 December 2007 filmsite. org/cultfilms. html

Contributing Factors of Childhood Obesity Research Paper

Contributing Factors of Childhood Obesity - Research Paper Example I would like to conduct some interviews and surveys with the obese children in order to collect primary data. Direct interviews will help me to collect and analyze the qualitative data. Secondary data would be collected from the published research studies conducted earlier in this field. In order to collect secondary data, internet, newspaper articles, magazines, books etc will be used extensively. Initial observations and analysis proved that lack of physical activities, increased time spending in front of the computers and television, changing life styles and food habits, genetic reasons, sedentary behaviors etc as the major reasons for childhood obesity. The life expectancies of the obese children are expected to be less compared to the normal children. Childhood obesity can create serious problems for a country in building a healthy future generation. Healthy children are always an asset to the nation building process of country and they shape the future of a nation. Excessive body weight can cause various diseases such as cardio vascular diseases, diabetes, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. The study about childhood obesity is very much important under the above circumstances. Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. A crude population measure of obesity is the body mass index (BMI), a person’s weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of his or her height (in meters). A person with a BMI of 30 or more is generally considered obese. A person with a BMI equal to or more than 25 is considered overweight (Obesity, 2010) BMI≠¥30 is generally considered as the symbol of obesity. Earlier obesity was common among the adults or the aged people alone. The percentage of obesity among children was very small. However, children seem to be outclassed the adults or aged people now as far as

Proposing a Solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposing a Solution - Essay Example This paper examines the problem known as depression widely encountered by the adult person. Further, it explores the causes of such problem and, eventually, proposes a solution to it. On Identification Depression is a disorder characterized by sadness or sheer unhappiness (Rey and Birhamer 4). The depressed mood is felt and experienced widely from adolescent years. But what is more depressing here is the fact that depression is difficult to be clearly identified especially to the adolescent people. In life, I believed, sadness is not uncommon. Being unhappy, at one point of one’s life, is perfectly human. Young ones as well those who are feeling young significantly encounter a certain feeling of unhappiness. Adolescent people, however, are more prone to depressed mood rather than the old folks. In fact, roughly 5 to 15 percent of adolescents experienced symptoms associated to clinical depression (Kaplan, Aguirre, and Rater 48). Kaplan, Aguirre, and Rater present a fascinating list of symptoms marked in adolescent depression. Now, I may not be a teenager but I am categorically a young adult. To my mind, real or imagine, I am still in my adolescent period. Borrowing from the list made by Kaplan, Aguirre, and Rater, below are two signs -- they call it warning signs, and that’s disturbing -- that I have encountered from the past few days: 1. Noticeable changes in eating and sleeping habits. 2. Difficulty concentrating or making decisions. Considering this sort of reality, I am wondering if whether or not I have a clinical depression. (Except for the term depression, I like the word clinical.) Sounds interesting. Thinking it more deeply, though, I doubt it if I have one. On Causes By nature, depressions either in adolescents or in non-adolescents are hereditary (Gullotta and Adams 206). Why young people have symptoms characterized in clinical depression is because such disorder, whether one likes it or not, is inherited from generation to generation. I n fact, roughly 50 percent of people possessing depressed mood are largely attributed to â€Å"genetic predispositions† (qtd. in Gullotta and Adams 206). Meaning to say, depression is unavoidable especially when one’s parents have this mood disorder. Like the inevitability of death, unfortunately, mood disorder is part of the human life. But there is a good news here. According to certain studies, there is ample evidence supporting the theory that depressive symptoms are, in fact, â€Å"less strong [in terms of] genetic association† (qtd. in Gullotta and Adams 206). That is to say, depression is affected by the social environment in which the person having a mood disorder is immersed into. Today, there are two major views concerning the cause of mood disorder: genetics and environment. On Solutions There are solutions to the problem inherent in the disorder called depression. In relation to hereditary as the cause of depressed mood, solution is barely available. It reminds me of one famous Darwinian biologist who proposes, although in jest, an extensive operation of persons who have genetic problems; for instance, a criminal convict can be a law-abiding citizen if his â€Å"bad† genes are replaced with â€Å"good† ones. That is not a bad ideal, is it? Well, what I am going to propose for a solution to the problem associated to depression in young people is greatly social in orientation. Depression can be lessened, if not prevented, especially when

Leadership and Decision Making Assignment Term Paper

Leadership and Decision Making Assignment - Term Paper Example The major problem that might occur while working as a team is when the team members do not listening and follow the instructions of their colleagues. The lack of sharing of information is also one of the prime reasons for the failure. This is the reason why leaders are required to handle the team in the right direction with various leadership styles in resolving conflicts and work with the same motive and objective as a team. Conflicts are common in working as a team but it demands competent leadership in solving the issues and for managing all the concerned members in the right path. The true leaders are competent enough in taking decisions and manage everyone as per the desired objectives of the organization. In clinical teams, motives, traits, knowledge and skills are commonly found but there is a lack of leadership quality in the team. In any kind of organization, the importance of leadership is prevalent. The leaders are accountable as they take up the responsibilities; identify various techniques in motivating the team members and initiate effective decisions. As per Professor Lars Qvortrup, â€Å"The leader can only identify the learning need of the organization and exceed the organization’s knowledge horizon by standing outside the organization† (Qvortrup, n.d.). In an organization, responsibility and accountability are very important. Responsibility will create accountability of all the deeds that are carried out in the organization. Leaders in the organization take up the challenge and work with others in generating benefit to their organizations. A leader knows best about his/her work force people better. Leaders can identify the motivating factors for the employees and try to motivate them either in monetary terms or in non monetary methods. The tools used by the leaders in motivating the work force are divided into

Disadvantages Of Watching Television English Literature Essay

Disadvantages Of Watching Television English Literature Essay This article talks about the disadvantages of watching television and the reality television shows, in this article the author is trying to say that there are a lot of disadvantages of watching television. There are many of disadvantages they are: it makes the person who is watching to increase heaviness because of always sitting in front of the television not doing anything else. Second it makes you misuse your time, as instead of not making a very useful things and habits or even sports you keep stuck to watching and this makes you devastate a lot of time. Third , it promotes compliance as when teenagers of children are watching these reality television it makes them stay and dont encourage them to have a purpose in their life so it encourages passivity. The author aim in this article is to deliver and focus on the disadvantages of television. He addresses the message to especially teens and children and this source is very useful in the research. Karger, Jillian. The Effects of Watching Reality TV Shows.EHow. 25 Feb. 2010 In this article the Jillian karger is talking about the effects of the reality television shows on people. She says that it has a lot of effects, some of these effects are that the improbable outlook that people would believe that life is so vivid and that life should be full of performance and that is not in the real life so, this is improbable opportunity. Also, the lack of isolation that the people are in this reality TV has no privacy everyone is watching so there is nothing private everything is shown on television. Also, there is diversion as when the people watch these reality shows they feel that all what they see in these reality shows are reality and after that they dont want to live the real life they are living as it is not like the life they are seeing in these reality shows. It also, makes you wish bad luck others. The purpose of the article is to make the audience know the effects of watching these reality television shows on the teens and all the people watching these reality television shows. The author is addressing the teens and the children because they are the most sectors of people in the society who are watching these reality television shows so the author is trying to make them know that there are a lot of effects of watching reality shows. B. Slocum, Charles. The Real History of Reality TV. Wga. 25 Feb. 2010 In this article the author says when and where and how the first reality television started and who were the people watching it mainly the author in this article is giving a historical background for the reality television as the people who are interested in the issue of reality television, the author is providing them with information to know more about this issue. The author said that when reality television first started it was captured with cameras and it started first people loved it very much and they were enjoying watching these reality television shows and that there were a lot of people who were loving to watch these shows. After that, these shoes were developed until they are seen as today in the television and there are a lot of people who are really very interested in these shows nowadays. The author in this article is delivering the message to all the person the author is trying to make the people who are reading this article get informational background. In this article the author purpose is to make people know more information about this issue. Reality Television Introduction. Enotes. 25 Feb. 2010 The article is talking about introduction to reality television and some of the historical back ground about the reality television. The article is talking about what is reality television and why it started and why is people interested in it. What really makes people very interested and entertained when watching these reality television shows may be they are having fun when they are seeing people in their daily life and how they face challenges and live in their own life and can begin a new life and make challenges and be very successful. This maybe giving them experience in their lives. In the article the purpose is to make the audience just think whether the reality television is good and worth watching or not. Also, to know these shows what is the benefit from watching them and spending a lot of time in front of the television just watching people leading day by day in their life? The author is addressing the message to all the people. The Reality TV Controversies.Case Studies.25 Feb. 2010 In this article the author tries to focus on the advantages and disadvantages of the reality television as to make the audience know what are the pros and cons of reality television. the author says that reality television has lots of disadvantages as first it has no privacy as people who are in these reality shows everyone is watching them and their steps as if they are in public so there is no privacy for them , also it makes people   who are in this reality television really ashamed as everyone is watching them and every step they are making. The author didnt forget also to talk about the advantages of reality television he said that may be this reality television gives the audience some experience from the daily life challenges and people they are watching how leading their daily life challenges, I can also makes them gain some entertainment and time of fun as it makes them some how happy from watching these reality shows. the purpose of this article is that the author want to deliver the message of that there are a lot of pros and cons for reality television. He delivers the message to especially the teens who are addicted to watching these reality shows. Ethics and Reality TV.Atheism. 25 Feb. 2010 in the article the author is trying to ask a very important question , this question is should people watch these reality television shows or not . some people think that watching these reality shows is really important to get entertainment and to get experience from the challenges and live of people they are watching and that will make them better and know how to take right decisions in their lives and to think right. Others think that it is just very bad shows as they make people humiliated and feeling bad and they think that this makes also people watching make bad habits like wishing bad luck to some people. All of these reasons makes the author raise this question to the audience just to make them think of the issue in a very serious way to watch these shows or not and to know the advantages and disadvantages of it , the good and the bad points to be able to know the pros and con of this issue . the author is addressing his article to the teens.  Ã‚   Sears, Alan. Whats real about Reality TV?New socialist. 25 Feb. 2010 In this article the author says that Reality TV is a type that combines basics of talk show, game show, vulgar pseudo-anthropology and pro wrestling. It traces the actions of non-actors placed in various situations facing set challenges. The success of Survivor played a big role in initiation the genre in North America. It was popular enough to make voted off the island a part of our everyday language. The success of Reality TV was driven first by commercial considerations. What makes these shows popular to producers is in part the same process of reorganization to force up proceeds that we are considering in all kinds of workplaces. It involves the use of new technology and work restructuring to deskill the workforce and valve into cheaper work sources. Reality TV is very cheap to make, requiring fewer writers and actors than customary indoctrination while making use of incomplete sets and fixed cameras for at least some of the action. It is a big profit centre for the networks, whi ch are facing increased opposition in the digital age. The purpose of the author in this article is that to know the introduction of reality television and he discuss the introduction of reality television. He addresses all the people In the society. Reality TV Gives Contestants a New Reasonto Smile.Perio. 25 Feb. 2010 In addition to treating the periodontal disease, the patients smile may also get better. This is significant because a smile is often one of the first things people notice about another person. When examination people on television be given a whole change, its clear that the look of the persons smile can greatly influence their self-worth. I see this in my perform everyday. Now that Americans are living longer, superficial operation has become more popular. spoken artificial operation has also felt this trend as it has knowledgeable a important shift toward cosmetic-related surgery to help improve the smile. Excessive gum tissue can create a gummy smile, but the periodontist can perform a crown expansion process to remove excess gum tissue and expose an ideal smile. on the other hand, a persons teeth may appear too long if their gums have receded or shrink. This can often be corrected with soft tissue graft events. Dental implants, an artificial tooth root placed into the jaw to hold a replacement tooth or bridge can be used to replace missing teeth. Wieczorek, mark. Reality TV Faked? So What?Markzilla. 25 Feb. 2010 Apparently talk shows and reality television are some how the same s reality television is that these reality television and talk shows has a lot of advantages and disadvantages as these can make people make smile and make them happy and also it can make them gain money and these reality television shows will be a negative points of views as there will be a lack of privacy as what will be made on the television will not all be real and there will be a lck of privacy.

The Ebonics Controversy Essay -- Education Language Speaking Essays

The Ebonics Controversey What is the controversy over Ebonics about? The Internet offers diverse views on the Ebonics topic. Ebonics entered the lime light in December of 1996. The television and news media have made the issue unclear and have left many people wondering what the recent controversey over Ebonics entails. Long after the "six o'clock news" has comfused and abandoned the public on the issue of Ebonics, the Internet is alive with commentary. Sampled together, the pages present a social mood, conscience, or lack thereof. Depending on the page you visit, you will learn that the answers for the above question are mixed, jaded and sometimes very opinionated. The term "Ebonics" is the most recently coined name for a speech pattern that has been around for several hundred years. Synonyms for Ebonics include, but are not limited to, Black English, Black Vernacular, African American Vernacular English (AAVE),"Jive," "Rappin," even the derogatory term of "Nigger Talk"(Shabaz). The words "language" and"dialect" are ambiguous and often interchanged when they should not be, because of the confusion they can elicit. For my own use of the terms, I draw on the commonly available reference book, Webster's New World Dictionary. I will use the word "language" to signify " the vocal sounds, words, and the ways of combining them, common to a particular nation." When the term "dialect" is used, it is to signify "any form of speech considered as deviating from a real or imaginary standard speech [or language]". The use of these two words as interchangeable has led to much confusion, particularly in the case of the Oakland Unified School District 's resolution. Through its use of the word "language", in reference to Ebonics,... ...us/AmendRes9697-006.html]. (4/12/97). Kephart,R. "Views of linguists and anthropologists on the Ebonics issue (Part 1)." [http://www-leland.stanford.edu/~rickford/ebonics/LingAnthro1.html] (3/7/97). Labov,W. [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~labov/L102/Ebonics_test.html]. (4/9/97). Labov, W. "Can Reading Failure Be Reversed? A Linguistic Approach to the Question." [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/phono_atlas/RFR.html]. (4/9/97). Landrum-Brown, J. "Black English." [http://www.west.net/~joyland/BlkEng.html]. (3/7/97). "Original Board Resolution." [http://www.emich.edu~/linguist.issues.html/8-53.html#1]. (2/17/97). Royko, M. "When you talk Ebonics, words just get in the way." Chicago Tribune. [http://www.chicago.tribune.com/news/ebonics/ebon3.htm]. (4/9/97). Shabazz, A. "All Our Fault Now!." [http://www.afronet.com/COLUMN/ARCHIVES/121296malik.html.] (3/7/97).